How AODD Pumps Are Manufactured Step by Step — Antlia Engineering Works Mumbai

How Air Operated Double Diaphragm (AODD) Pumps Are Manufactured: Step-by-Step for Industrial Applications

Most people who use an AODD pump never see anything before the day it arrives at their plant, gets bolted onto a skid, and starts moving fluid. What they don't see is what happens before that moment — the raw material, the CNC machines, the leak test run for the third time because the second result looked almost right but not quite. This is that part of the story.

11
Manufacturing Stages
40+
Skilled Factory Staff
20+
Export Countries
1000+
Clients Worldwide
11 Manufacturing Stages

The Complete AODD Pump Manufacturing Process at a Glance

An AODD pump that performs reliably for years in a chemical transfer line isn't reliable because of what's printed on its datasheet — it's reliable because of what happened to it on the shop floor, station by station, before it ever shipped. Here are all 11 stages.

1

Moulding

2

CNC Machining

3

Lathe Machining

4

Grinding

5

Drilling

6

Store Department

7

Quality Inspection

8

Pump Assembly

9

Testing

10

Packing

11

Shipping

Quick Definition: An AODD pump is a positive displacement pump that uses compressed air to alternately flex two diaphragms, drawing fluid in on one side while pushing it out the other. It has no seals around a rotating shaft, no motor in direct contact with the pumped fluid, and can run dry without damage — which is why it's the default choice for chemical transfer, slurry handling, and any application where the fluid is abrasive, viscous, or hazardous.
Stage 1

Moulding

Before precision machining begins, every AODD pump starts with moulding. This is where raw material is transformed into the basic shape of critical components — the pump body, manifolds, and covers. Although these parts are still rough at this stage, the quality of the moulding process directly influences every manufacturing step that follows.

A well-produced moulding reduces machining time, improves dimensional consistency, and helps ensure the finished pump delivers reliable performance. Defects such as porosity, shrinkage, or surface imperfections can compromise strength and sealing capability, making careful inspection at this stage essential. Antlia Engineering Works carries out this operation using two injection moulding machines.

  • Producing the initial pump body and manifold castings
  • Achieving the required near-net component geometry
  • Inspecting castings for porosity, shrinkage, and surface defects
  • Preparing components for precision machining and finishing operations
AODD pump moulding process — Antlia Engineering Works Mumbai
Stage 2

CNC Machining

Manual machining can produce a precise part. CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining produces the same precise part, one thousand times in a row, without drift. That consistency is the entire point.

Each AODD pump consists of several components that are precision machined. The most important are the main and pilot shafts — both CNC machined — which are essential to the pump's operation and movement. If a customer needs a replacement part five years after buying the pump, that replacement only fits correctly because the CNC program that made the original hasn't changed.

CNC machining of AODD pump main and pilot shafts — Antlia Engineering Works
Stage 3

Lathe Machining

Every AODD pump begins as raw material — usually cast aluminium, polypropylene, or stainless steel, depending on what the pump is built to handle. Before any of that material becomes a pump body or manifold, it has to be machined down to a tolerance level of ±1%.

This stage matters more than it looks. A pump body that's off by even half a millimeter in the wrong place won't seat its diaphragm correctly, won't seal at the manifold joint, or won't hold pressure consistently under cyclic loading. Antlia's machining area has 10 lathe machines working side by side, each turning rough components into precision parts.

Lathe machining of AODD pump body to precision tolerance — Antlia Engineering Works
Machining covers: Boring main pump body cavities to the correct internal diameter · Facing surfaces flat so manifolds fit without gaps · Cutting threaded ports to ANSI and BSP standard pipe thread specifications · Shaping the air valve housing to tolerances measured in microns, not millimeters.
Stage 4

Grinding

Grinding doesn't get much attention because, done well, it's invisible. Its entire job is to remove the small imperfections that machining inevitably leaves behind — tool marks, minor surface roughness, slight inconsistencies in flatness.

On a pump, surface finish isn't cosmetic. A rough surface on a sealing face creates a microscopic path for fluid to escape under pressure. A poorly finished bore accelerates wear on whatever moves against it. Grinding brings critical surfaces — sealing faces, bore interiors, mating surfaces between the pump body and manifold — to a finish tight enough that gaskets and seals can do their job properly.

Grinding of AODD pump sealing faces and bore interiors — Antlia Engineering Works
Skip this step, or rush it, and the failure doesn't show up on day one. It shows up eight months later, as a slow leak nobody can quite trace to a single cause.
Stage 5

Drilling

Every AODD pump body needs a series of precisely placed holes: bolt holes to join the suction & discharge manifold, liquid chambers to the pump body, ports for air inlet and exhaust, and mounting holes for the base frame. These have to align exactly with corresponding holes on mating components.

Precision drilling of AODD pump body bolt holes and air ports — Antlia Engineering Works

A hole drilled even slightly off-centre can throw off the alignment of the entire manifold assembly, creating uneven clamping pressure across the diaphragm seal — one of the most common root causes of premature diaphragm failure in poorly manufactured pumps. Antlia has two dedicated drilling machines for this operation.

Stage 6

The Store Department

If you ask most people to name the most important department in a pump factory, almost nobody says "stores." That's a mistake, because nothing in the next five stages works without it.

The store department manages every component — diaphragms, air valves, gaskets, NRV balls, main shafts, pilot shafts, pistons, O-rings, manifolds, and castings — between the time they're manufactured or received and the time they reach the assembly line.

  • Every batch of components is traceable back to its production date and material lot
  • Components are organised so assembly never stalls waiting for a part that's "somewhere in the building"
  • Production planning can match incoming material to outgoing assembly schedules without guesswork
  • Defective or recalled batches can be isolated immediately
AODD pump component store department and inventory management — Antlia Engineering Works
MOC Range managed in stores: Polypropylene (PP), Stainless Steel (SS-316), Aluminium (AL), PVDF — with diaphragms in PTFE, Rubber, and Santoprene.
Stage 7

Quality Inspection

Before a single component reaches the assembly line, it goes through inspection. This isn't a final check at the end — it happens continuously, component by component, before assembly even begins.

Dimensional quality inspection of AODD pump components before assembly — Antlia Engineering Works

One of the first steps is a Material Test Certificate (MTC). For stainless steel components, samples can be checked at government-approved laboratories, verifying the material meets the required grade and specifications whenever certification is requested by the customer.

In addition, each critical component is dimensionally inspected. Measurements are compared to engineering drawings to make sure each part is within the required tolerances before proceeding. Catching a flawed component before it's bolted into a finished pump is far cheaper — and far more reliable — than discovering the same flaw during final testing or after the pump has shipped.

Stage 8

Pump Assembly

This is the stage where forty to fifty individual parts stop being a pile of components and start being an AODD pump.

AODD pump assembly — pump body, diaphragms, air valve and check valves — Antlia Engineering Works Mumbai

A typical assembly sequence brings together:

  • The pump body and manifolds — the structural core housing the fluid chambers and air chambers
  • The diaphragms — the flexible barrier (PTFE, Santoprene, or similar elastomer) that separates the air side from the fluid side
  • The air valve — the component that directs compressed air alternately to each side of the pump
  • Balls and seats — the check valves that ensure fluid only moves in one direction through inlet and outlet manifolds
  • Fasteners — bolted to a specified torque value, because under-torqued fasteners leak and over-torqued fasteners crack housings or distort diaphragm seating

Assembly technicians work from a defined sequence, not improvisation, because the order in which components go together affects how evenly the diaphragm seats and how consistently the pump performs once running.

Stage 9

AODD Testing

If there's one stage that determines whether a pump earns its reputation or damages it, this is the one. A finished pump may look ready, but specs aren't everything. At Antlia, each AODD pump is tested for performance before dispatch.

AODD pump hydro pressure test, dry test and wet test before dispatch — Antlia Engineering Works
  • Hydro Pressure Test: The pump is tested at 10–12k pressure to check structural integrity and pressure handling capability.
  • Dry Test: The pump is operated on compressed air with no liquid present, confirming the air valve operates correctly before the wet test.
  • Wet Test: The pump is run on liquid to check for leaks, proper diaphragm movement, and the 1:1 ratio — i.e. the input air pressure equals liquid output pressure — before packing and dispatch.
The pump advances to final packaging only after passing all three test stages. The assembled pump is connected to the facility's industrial air compressor system for functional testing.
Stage 10

Packing

A pump that passes every test can still be damaged in transit if it isn't packed correctly — and for pumps headed to customers overseas, that risk is higher, not lower.

Export packing of AODD pumps for sea freight — Antlia Engineering Works

Export packing for industrial pumps typically involves:

  • Securing moving components so they can't shift or impact internal surfaces during transit
  • Weatherproof and moisture-resistant packaging suited to sea freight, which can expose cargo to humidity and temperature swings for weeks
  • Labelling that meets the import requirements of the destination country

None of this is glamorous. All of it is the reason a pump that left the factory in working condition arrives at the customer's dock in the same condition.

Stage 11

Shipping

AODD pump shipping and export to 20+ countries — Antlia Engineering Works Mumbai

This is where the story most people associate with "an AODD pump" actually begins — except by this point, the pump has already been through ten stages most customers never think about.

AODD pumps manufactured through a process like this end up running across a wide range of industrial settings:

  • Chemical processing — transferring corrosive or hazardous fluids where seal failure isn't an option
  • Paint and coatings manufacturing — handling viscous, solvent-based, or abrasive materials
  • Pharmaceutical production — where contamination control and consistent flow are critical
  • Wastewater treatment — moving sludge, slurry, and chemical dosing fluids reliably
  • Food processing — handling viscous or particulate-laden fluids without product degradation
  • Mining operations — transferring abrasive slurries under demanding, continuous-duty conditions
  • Ceramics manufacturing — moving glazes and slip with consistent, controllable flow
What This Journey Adds Up To

Why the Manufacturing Process Is the Product

An industrial pump looks, from the outside, like a single object — a casting with some ports and a connection for an air line. It isn't. It's the end product of machining tolerances measured in microns, a quality inspection process that checks components before they're ever assembled, a testing sequence designed to catch the kind of flaw that wouldn't show up for months in the field, and a packing process built specifically to survive the trip to wherever the pump is going next.

Antlia Engineering Works has about 40 highly skilled staff in the factory. The clientele includes the Ministry of Defence, BPCL, NTPC, Asian Paints, IOCL, Coca-Cola, Godrej, and many more. The largest single order was 80 pumps worth ₹1 crore for Goa Glass Fibre (3B Fiberglass), whose parent company is based in Belgium.

The pump that ends up running 24/7 on a chemical transfer line or a wastewater treatment skid earned that reliability somewhere between the raw material shelf and the loading dock — not after it arrived.

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FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions About AODD Pump Manufacturing

What is an AODD pump used for?

An AODD pump is used to transfer fluids in industrial settings, particularly where the fluid is corrosive, abrasive, viscous, or hazardous. Common applications include chemical processing, paint and coatings, pharmaceuticals, wastewater treatment, food processing, mining, and ceramics manufacturing.

How does an AODD pump work?

An AODD pump uses compressed air to alternately flex two diaphragms inside the pump body. As one diaphragm moves outward, it draws fluid into that chamber; as the other moves inward, it pushes fluid out through the discharge manifold. Check valves (balls and seats) ensure fluid flows in one direction only.

Why use an AODD pump instead of a centrifugal pump?

AODD pumps can run dry without damage, handle abrasive and viscous fluids that would wear down centrifugal pump impellers, and don't require a mechanical seal around a rotating shaft — which eliminates a common failure point in fluid transfer applications.

What materials are AODD pumps made from?

AODD pump bodies are commonly made from cast aluminium, stainless steel (SS-316), or polypropylene (PP), depending on the fluid being handled. Diaphragms are typically made from PTFE, Santoprene, or similar elastomers selected for chemical compatibility.

How is an AODD pump tested before it ships?

A completed AODD pump goes through hydro pressure testing, a dry air test, and a wet test confirming leak-free performance and the 1:1 air-to-liquid pressure ratio before it is cleared for packing and dispatch.

What causes diaphragm failure in AODD pumps?

Diaphragm failure is commonly caused by chemical incompatibility between the diaphragm material and the pumped fluid, uneven clamping pressure from misaligned manifold bolting, or wear over the pump's operating life. Correct material selection and proper assembly torque reduce premature failure significantly.

Can AODD pumps run dry?

Yes. Unlike centrifugal pumps, AODD pumps can run dry for extended periods without damage, since they have no mechanical seal or bearing in direct contact with the pumped fluid that depends on the fluid for lubrication or cooling.

What is the difference between an AODD pump and a diaphragm pump?

"Diaphragm pump" is a broader category; an AODD pump is a specific type of diaphragm pump that uses compressed air, rather than electricity or mechanical drive, to actuate the diaphragms. This makes AODD pumps suitable for hazardous or explosive environments where electrically driven pumps would pose a safety risk.

How long does it take to manufacture an AODD pump?

Manufacturing timelines vary by pump size and order volume, but the full process — from machining raw components through final testing and export packing — typically spans several weeks for a standard production run.